老年人高血压病、糖尿病、冠心病发生脑梗塞发病率调查研究
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安媛，范祥敏，郑黄蓉，郭涛，张素琴，张云莹
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成都市成华区中医医院，四川成都，610051
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摘要：目的 探究老年人高血压病、糖尿病、冠心病并发脑梗塞的发病率及临床特征，为制定针对性防治策略提供依据。方法 回顾性分析 2020 年 11 月 —2023 年 11 月成都市成华区中医医院医养结合老年科 260 例住院患者的临床资料，统计高血压、糖尿病、冠心病并发脑梗塞的发病率，分析性别、年龄与发病的关联性，采用 SPSS 26.0 软件进行统计学分析。结果 260 例患者中，高血压并发脑梗塞占比最高（50%），男性高血压并发脑梗塞比例（54.7%）高于女性（46%），女性冠心病（28%）、慢性阻塞性肺疾病（32.8%）并发脑梗塞比例显著高于男性（P＜0.05）；高龄患者并发症（心律失常、低钾血症等）发生率高，致残率高且康复率低。结论 老年人高血压、糖尿病、冠心病与脑梗塞关联密切，且存在性别差异，需联合多学科及医养结合模式加强干预，以降低致残率、提高治愈率。
关健词：老年人；高血压；糖尿病；冠心病；脑梗塞；发病率
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Investigation on incidence rate of Cerebral Infarction in Elderly Patients with Hypertension, diabetes and Coronary Heart Disease
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Yuan An,Xiangmin Fan,Huangrong Zheng,Tao Guo,Suqin Zhang,Yunying Zhang
Chengdu Chenghua District Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chengdu ，Sichuan 610051 , China
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Abstract：Objective To explore the incidence rate and clinical characteristics of cerebral infarction in elderly patients with hypertension, diabetes and coronary heart disease, so as to provide basis for formulating targeted prevention and treatment strategies. Methods The clinical data of 260 inpatients in the Department of Geriatrics of Chengdu Chenghua District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from November 2020 to November 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The incidence rate of cerebral infarction complicated by hypertension, diabetes and coronary heart disease was analyzed. The correlation between gender, age and incidence was analyzed using SPSS 26.0 software. Results Among the 260 patients, the proportion of hypertension complicated with cerebral infarction was the highest (50%). The proportion of hypertension complicated with cerebral infarction in males (54.7%) was higher than that in females (46%). The proportion of coronary heart disease (28%) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (32.8%) complicated with cerebral infarction in females was significantly higher than that in males (P<0.05); Elderly patients have a high incidence of complications (arrhythmia, hypokalemia, etc.), a high disability rate, and a low recovery rate. Conclusion Hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease in the elderly are closely related to cerebral infarction, and there are gender differences. It is necessary to strengthen intervention in combination with multidisciplinary and medical and nursing models to reduce the disability rate and improve the cure rate.
Keywords : elderly people; hypertension; Diabetes; Coronary heart disease; Cerebral infarction; incidence rate
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