机械通气治疗呼吸衰竭患者的人工气道护理要点及并发症预防效果研究穆心悦

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《实用全科护理学》( ISSN3080-7638、EISSN3080-7646 )

发布者：Quest Press

发布日期：2025/10/19

10.12479/questpress-syqkhlx.20250327

Open Access

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机械通气治疗呼吸衰竭患者的人工气道护理要点及并发症预防效果研究

穆心悦

西安交通大学第一附属医院，陕西西安，710000

摘要：目的分析对机械通气治疗呼吸衰竭患者的人工气道护理要点以及对并发症的预防作用。方法选择纳入2024 年2 月至2025 年2 月医院收治的呼吸衰竭患者72 例，并按照不同护理方式随机归入两组：对照组36 例实施机械通气常规护理方法，研究组36 例另外实施人工气道循证护理干预。对比两组呼吸机相关性肺炎发生情况、气囊滞留物引流量、24h 内气囊压力达标率、护理不良事件发生情况。结果研究组患者呼吸机相关肺炎发生率要比对照组低（P＜0.05）；插管后1d，两组患者之间气囊滞留物引流量的差异比较尚小（P＞0.05）；插管后3d、5d，两组之间数据比较已经出现明显差异，研究组气囊滞留物引流量皆显著高于对照组（P＜0.001）；研究组24h 内气囊压力达标率94.44%明显高于对照组的77.78%（P＜0.05）；研究组护理不良事件发生率5.56%低于对照组的护理不良事件发生率22.22%（P＜0.05）。结论机械通气治疗呼吸衰竭患者采取人工气道循证护理，能降低其呼吸机相关肺炎发生率，强化滞留物清除效果、改善气囊压力，减少护理不良事件发生。
关健词：机械通气；呼吸衰竭；人工气道；并发症；护理

Study on the key points of artificial airway care and the effect of complication prevention in mechanical ventilation for respiratory failure patients

Xinyue Mu
Xi'an Jiaotong University First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Shanxi 710000，China

Abstract: Objective To analyze the key points of artificial airway care and its preventive effects on complications in mechanically ventilated patients with respiratory failure. Methods A total of 72 respiratory failure patients admitted to the hospital between February 2024 and February 2025 were selected and randomly divided into two groups according to different nursing approaches: 36 patients in the control group received conventional mechanical ventilation care， while 36 patients in the study group received evidence-based airway care intervention. The incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia （VAP）， airway secretions drainage，24-hour balloon pressure compliance rate， and adverse nursing events were compared between the two groups. Results The study group showed significantly lower VAP incidence than the control group （P <0.05）. At day 1 post-extubation， there was minimal difference in airway secretions drainage between the groups （P> 0.05）. By days 3 and 5 post-extubation， significant differences emerged， with the study group demonstrating markedly higher airway secretions drainage rates （P <0.001）. The 24-hour balloon pressure compliance rate reached 94.44% in the study group， significantly higher than the control group's 77.78% （P <0.05）. The study group also reported 5.56% adverse nursing events， lower than the control group's 22.22% （P <0.05）. Conclusion Implementing evidence-based airway care in mechanically ventilated patients with respiratory failure can reduce VAP incidence， enhance secretions clearance， improve balloon pressure， and minimize adverse nursing events.
Keywords : Mechanical ventilation; respiratory failure; artificial airway; complications; nursing

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